<p>The Torrance School, also known as Torrance High School Annex and originally as Torrance Elementary School, is located on the campus of Torrance High School in Torrance, southwestern Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1917 the Torrance School Main Building opened, housing the elementary and high school. In 1923 this Torrance Elementary School building opened on the southern side of the campus, and the original Torrance School Main Building was converted into a high school only. A new elementary school building was built off campus in 1963, and this one was annexed to the high school and renamed the Torrance High School Annex or Annex building.</p><br>
<p>The building, built over 1923 to 1925, was designed in the Renaissance Revival style. It is connected to the rest of the campus by a long curving and center−pillared Modernist arcade.</p><br>
<p>Torrance elementary schools were in the Los Angeles City School District until 1947, when they became a part of a new school district, renamed Torrance Unified School District in 1948. In 1947 the Los Angeles City School District removed the furniture from Torrance schools.</p><br>
<h2>National Register of Historic Places</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Torrance School Annex building is one of four on the Torrance High School campus listed on the NRHP, the other buildings are:</p><br>
<p>Auditorium—Assembly Hall (1938)</p><br>
<p>Home Economics Building (1923)</p><br>
<p>Main Building (1917)</p><br>
<p>The Auditorium, also known as the Assembly Hall, is a PWA Moderne style building located on the campus of Torrance High School in Torrance, Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<p>When built in 1924 the building was a source of pride for Torrance, and was its first large meeting hall, preceding construction of a civic center. It was damaged in the 1933 Long Beach earthquake and was rebuilt as a New Deal project.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Torrance High School Campus Thematic Resources study states that the auditorium is an outstanding example of PWA Moderne work.</p><br>
<p>The Auditorium is one of four buildings on the campus of the Torrance High School listed on the NRHP, the other buildings are:</p><br>
<p>Torrance School</p><br>
<p>Main Building</p><br>
<p>Home Economics Building</p><br>
<p>The Dr. Daniel Lathrop School is a historic school building at 69 East Town Street in the Norwichtown section of Norwich, Connecticut. It is a single-story brick structure with a gambrel roof, located facing the village green next to the Joseph Carpenter Silversmith Shop, another historic building. Built in 1782, it is one of the oldest surviving brick school buildings in the state. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1970. It now serves as a visitors center for the local historical society.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Dr. Daniel Lathrop School is located on the northside East Town Street, facing the triangular Norwichtown green, next to the Joseph Carpenter Silversmith Shop. It is a single-story brick building, covered with a wooden shingled gambrel roof. The main facade is five bays wide, with the entrance in the rightmost bay, topped by a transom window. The roof is capped by a small square cupola with a flared roof. Windows are 12-over-12 sash windows, and there is a possibly original plank door on the back side of the building.</p><br>
<p>Dr. Daniel Lathrop was a physician in the town of Norwich in the mid-18th century. He bequeathed £500 for the establishment of a grammar school in Norwichtown, which resulted in the construction of this building in 1782. In addition to serving as a school, the building has housed a branch library, and been used by the city as a polling place. It is one of the oldest school buildings in the state, and makes a contrast with the adjacent silversmith shop, built to the same plan but out of wood. It is now used by the Norwich Historical Society as a visitors center.</p><br>
<p>Seven segments of the historic Natchez Trace are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Also there are additional NRHP-listed structures and other sites along the Natchez Trace, which served the travelers of the trace and survive from the era of its active use.</p><br>
<h2>Segments</h2><br>
<p>One segment within Tennessee is named simply "Old Natchez Trace". Additionally, several segments in Mississippi and Alabama are listed with the name "Old Natchez Trace", followed by a secondary identifier in parentheses or by an additional name. These listings are:</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace in Tennessee</h3><br>
<p>The Old Natchez Trace in Tennessee, is a large length of the Natchez Trace spanning several counties of Tennessee. It is listed on the National Register under the name Old Natchez Trace. The NRHP-listed linear district follows one route of the old Natchez Trace, but does not include other branches. For example, at Old Town in Franklin, Tennessee, a different branch crossed Brown&#39;s Creek. The counties spanned by the listing are: Lawrence, Hickman, Wayne, Williamson, Lewis, Davidson, and Maury County, Tennessee.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace (132-3T)</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. The site is also known as the Grindstone Ford. It is an original segment of the Natchez Trace. According to history of Claiborne County, the name comes from "iron stone rock found especially suitable for mill stones. An early traveler on crossing the bayou over this ford spoke of his joy at hearing the heels of his horse ringing on the broad rocky pavement when ascending the bank of this stream from the water after passing more than two years in the stoneless soil of this region." Mrs. Humphreys, mother of future Confederate general and Reconstruction-era governor Benjamin Grubb Humphreys, settled at Grindstone Ford in 1786.</p><br>
<p>The British traveler Francis Bailey described it in his journal of 1797, "...about sundown got to Grindstone Ford. This is the principal branch of the Bayou Pierre, and is situated about fifty or sixty miles from its mouth. The settlements about are not very numerous. There was formerly a mill built across the stream; but, owing to a curious circumstance, this has shared the fate of all other water-mills in the country: for it must be observed that there are a great many crayfish hereabouts, and these animals undermine all the dams which have ever been built, and soon make a vent for the water, which terminates in the total destruction of the dam. This place is situated about sixty miles from Natchez, and is the most northern frontier settlement in the district. From this place, then, we have to date our departure into the wilderness; and here we have to bid adieu to all marks of civilization till we arrive at the borders of the Cumberland river, in the state of Tennessee, a distance of about six hundred miles." There was post office at Grindstone Ford, initially minded by Daniel Burnett, beginning in 1815. According to Dr. James F. McCaleb writing in 1915, "During the threatened outbreak of the Choctaw and Creek Indians in 1813, the frontier committee erected the Grindstone Ford Fort near Willow Springs, Claiborne county, and the Mississippi panic of 1813 caused by the massacre of Fort Miner hurried the erection of block houses in the Natchez District. The Grindstone Fort became the property of George Lemon who converted it into a ball room in connection with his tavern sometimes called up to 1872, the Lemon Hotel. This fort or ball room had the port holes up to the time it was removed for outer buildings on the farm of J. H. Nelson, but its foundations can still be seen..."</p><br>
<p>The presence of the Natchez Road figured in the May 1, 1863 Battle of Port Gibson. In that battle, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Grants command, having crossed from the Louisiana side of the Mississippi, below Vicksburg, fought their way through a determined resistance by Confederate forces which at first bottled them up. The Natchez Road was not located by the Union forces early in the battle. Confederate General Bowen was concerned throughout the days battle that Union forces would locate the Natchez Road and march directly upon Port Gibson, around Bowen&#39;s flank. Bowen committed forces to attack the much larger Union forces in order to prevent them from finding it. Eventually increasing numbers of Union troops threatened to overwhelm the Confederate forces and retreat was ordered, apparently without any flanking action along the Natchez Road taking place. The Union troops occupied Port Gibson on May 2.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace (170-30)</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace (170-30), a 0.4 acre area listed in 1976. It preserves two separate remnants of the old Trace near milepost 104.5 and includes the site of Brashears Stand, an inn operated by Turner Brashears from 1806 on. It is located just outside the eastern city limits of Ridgeland, Mississippi. After 1850 it was known as Kings Inn.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace (212-3K 213-3K)</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace (212-3K 213-3K), located northeast of Kosciusko in Attala County, Mississippi, near milepost 174.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace (230-3H)</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace (230-3H), located southwest of Mathiston in Choctaw County, Mississippi, near milepost 199. It is located south of Mathiston at Natchez Trace Parkway milepost 198. It is a segment of the Natchez Trace located at a Natchez Trace Parkway interpretive stop.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace (310-2A)</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace (310-2A), a 0.86 acre area listed in 1976 located 15 miles northwest of Florence, Alabama, off Alabama State Route 20 near milepost 336. It preserves a 400-foot section of the old Natchez Trace that had not been paved as of the mid-1970s, and an 850-foot section that has been paved.</p><br>
<h3>Old Natchez Trace and Choctaw Agency Site</h3><br>
<p>Old Natchez Trace and Choctaw Agency Site, in Ridgeland, Mississippi located at milepost 100.7. This is located between Interstate 55 and Livingston Rd., west of Ridgeland, in Madison County, Mississippi. It includes a 3.3-mile segment of the Natchez Trace (partially in the Natchez Trace Parkway right of way) and an archeological investigation site at the location that from 1811 to 1823 housed a government agency to the Choctaw. According to the 1941 Natchez Trace Parkway survey report, "Before the Treaty of Doak&#39;s Stand, the Choctaw Agency was located on the Trace, about 10 miles north of what is now Jackson, or about two miles west of Ridgeland on United States Highway 51. The Agency is not different from other Indian agencies in its historical background. It was the residence of the United States Agent, who, in addition to numerous other duties, for a time at least, checked the passports of travelers over the Trace. Before the inns were established on the Trace, the agencies were havens for the sick and weary travelers. The Choctaw Agency is closely associated with the history of the Trace. No remains of the old agency exist but a modern dwelling marks the site."</p><br>
<h2>Related NRHP-listed places</h2><br>
<p>Also there are additional NRHP-listed structures and other sites along the Natchez Trace. These include:</p><br>
<p>Old Town, Franklin, Tennessee, once the site of a Mississippian mound complex and Native American village located adjacent to the Trace and the Harpeth River. and more recently the location of an 1801 bridge built to carry the Natchez Trace road across Brown&#39;s Creek and a house built in the 1840s or 1850s. All three properties are listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>Col. James Drane House, an antebellum house located at mile marker 180.7 on the Natchez Trace Parkway, at French Camp in Choctaw County, Mississippi. The history of this house, from 1846, is mixed up with the history of the trace itself, and the home is a visitor&#39;s attraction along the modern Natchez Trace Parkway, which it adjoins.</p><br>
<p>Boyd Mounds Site (22MD512), a mound complex near Ridgeland in Madison County, Mississippi, at Mile 106.9 on the Natchez Trace Parkway, listed on the National Register as an archaeological site. It has six mounds and is situated next to a parking area off the Natchez Trace Parkway, accessible to visitors.</p><br>
<p>Janet&#39;s Mound, also listed as an archeological site with a restricted address, located at or near French Camp in Choctaw County, Mississippi</p><br>
<p>O. Henry Hall, formerly known as the USA Post Office and Federal Building, is a historic courthouse and post office in Austin, Texas. It is located within the Sixth Street Historic District in Downtown Austin. O. Henry Hall serves as the administrative headquarters of the Texas State University System , and until 2017 served as the University of Texas System headquarters.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Architect James G. Hill designed the building, and it was constructed partially under the supervision of architect Abner Cook. The courthouse was completed in 1879 at a cost of $200,000.</p><br>
<p>The United States District Court for the Western District of Texas met there from then until 1936. One of its most noted trials occurred in February 1898, when William Sidney Porter - the man who later became known under the pen name of O. Henry - was tried and convicted of embezzlement.</p><br>
<p>It was acquired by the University of Texas System in 1968 and renamed for the author, who had previously resided nearby in what is now officially called the William Sidney Porter House, but is better known as the O. Henry House. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 25, 1970. It previously served as the administrative headquarters of that system.</p><br>
<p>TSUS purchased O. Henry Hall in 2015 for $8.2 million. The UT System leased it and continued using it as its administrative headquarters prior to the 2017 completion of the UT System&#39;s current headquarters. TSUS did the move so it could have a single administrative office in Downtown; it formerly occupied three different downtown buildings operated by the state government.</p><br>
<p>Zion Meetinghouse and School  is a historic Baptist church about three miles south of Columbia, Kentucky. The congregation was formed in 1802 and a log meetinghouse was soon constructed. The current meetinghouse was built in 1837 out of locally made brick laid in Flemish bond on a stone foundation. After a fire, the building was reconstructed above the roofline in 1877. About 100 feet west of the meetinghouse, a two-story brick school was built in 1864, with a later frame addition at the entrance. The school was later used by the public school system.</p><br>
<p>In 1827 the Zion Baptist Church served as the "mother church" or sponsoring congregation for the nearby Columbia Baptist Church. Over time, many members of the rural Zion congregation moved to the daughter church in the town of Columbia. By 1975, the Zion church was "seldom used," with the buildings in "somewhat deteriorating condition but in an unspoiled setting."</p><br>
<p>The meetinghouse and the school were added together to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church in Glasgow, Kentucky is a historic church at Washington and Broadway which was built in 1853. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church was founded in 1803. Its 1853 brick building, at the original site for the church, is the oldest church building in Glasgow, and one of few Gothic Revival-style structures. It has pilasters, Gothic arches, a wood bell tower, and common bond brickwork.</p><br>
<p>Springfield Presbyterian Church is a historic church in Sharpsburg, Kentucky. It was built in 1821 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>In 1932, an archaeological site, 15BH13, was recorded in the vicinity of the church: a local resident reported finding stone box graves in a field near the church. These are typical of some burials by ancient indigenous peoples of the region.</p><br>
<p>Mt. Moriah Baptist Church is a historic church at 314 N. Main Street in Middlesboro, Kentucky. It was built during 1918-21 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It is a brick building with brick laid in common bond.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "The church building has played an important role in the history of the black community of Middlesboro and is a visible expression of the important role blacks have played in the settlement and later development of planned communities such as</p><br>
<p>Middlesboro," which is the largest planned community in southeastern Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The St. Mary&#39;s Episcopal Church in Middlesboro, Kentucky is a historic church located at 131 Edgewood Road. It was built in 1880 and opened for services in February 1881. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>It is a wooden church which somehow escaped fires that destroyed most wooden churches of its era. It has a cross-shape within a 60x20 ft plan.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination asserts:Saint Mary&#39;s Episcopal Church should be included on the National Register for two reasons. First, the church served as the religious home for wealthy British investors who worked to exploit the resources of the area in a large scale venture at the close of the 19th Century. Secondly, the church survives as one of the finest examples in Southeastern Kentucky of gothic revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>Big Bone Methodist Church is a historic church in Union, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The Big Bone church congregation was organized in 1887. The name derives from prehistoric animal remains discovered in the 18th century in what is now Big Bone Lick State Park. Its first minister was Reverend George Froh, a German veteran of the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>The current structure was built in 1888 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is a gable-front nave-plan frame church. It has regularly spaced pointed-arch windows, and is four bays along its sites and three bays on its front and back.</p><br>
<p>Christian Meeting House  is a historic church meeting house at 6561 Tanner Street in Petersburg, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The original congregation was organized in 1824 by Alexander Campbell from Virginia. The structure was built in 1840 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The architecture reflects the shift in styles from the classical Greek Revival to the more romantic or picturesque forms prevalent in Boone County during the period 1835–1890. Stylistic modifications to the building made in the 1870s include grouped brackets at the eaves, a decorative gable-peak of Gothic origins, and a louvered bell tower with pilasters and a concave-pyramidal peak.</p><br>
<p>Hopeful Lutheran Church was chartered on January 6, 1806. It was founded by a group of colonists from Virginia who settled in Boone County. In 1807, the first log church was built on an acre of donated land. Hopeful did not have a full-time pastor until October 1813 when Rev. William Carpenter  moved to Boone County to be the first Pastor.</p><br>
<p>While fires destroyed the first three structures, the current church building was finished in 1917 in Florence, Kentucky. This is the fourth church structure on the site serving the same Lutheran congregation.</p><br>
<p>A group of 14 families associated with the Hebron Lutheran Church of Germanna, Madison Co. VA, settled in Boone County in 1805. Family names included Hoffman, Rouse, Tanner, Hanse, Carpenter, and Zimmermann. Their descendants are well represented in the current population of Boone County. Hopeful Lutheran Church was the first Lutheran church in the county and its first regular pastor, William Carpenter, moved to the area in 1813.</p><br>
<p>The First Christian Church of Ashland  is a historic church building at 315 17th Street in Ashland, Kentucky. It was built in 1890. The First Christian Church of Ashland moved out in 1913. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by architect Laura Rogers White.</p><br>
<p>It has also been known as the Old Church of Christ. Scientist, of Ashland.</p><br>
<p>The First Presbyterian Church in Ashland, Kentucky is a historic church building at 1600 Winchester Avenue. It has also been known as Bethesda Church. It was built in 1858 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>It was then the oldest structure still being used for a church in Boyd County. It is a red brick building with a bell tower and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The building was the third of the congregation; its first was a log building used from 1819 to 1928.</p><br>
<p>The St. James AME Church in Ashland, Kentucky is a historic African Methodist Episcopal church at 12th St. and Carter Avenue. It was built in 1912 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It is a gable-front brick building, with brick laid in common bond. It is the second church of the congregation: the first church was a wood-frame building which was moved in 1905 to the property, and which was eventually destroyed sometime after the brick building was built alongside.</p><br>
<p>Clifton Baptist Church Complex is a historic church and school complex which is virtually the only remnant of the historic African-American hamlet of Clifton, Kentucky, a community formed after the American Civil War. The church and the school were built in 1886. Other contributing resources in the complex are a dining hall, a privy, a cemetery, a plank fence and a rock fence. The complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Bennett–Williams House is a historic house, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and is also listed as a contributing resource in the National Register-listed Trevitt&#39;s Addition Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Built circa 1899 for prominent local lawyer, judge, and Oregon Supreme Court justice Alfred S. Bennett, the house is the most outstanding and best preserved example of Queen Anne architecture in The Dalles. It later became the home of leading members of the Williams family, a notable local merchant family.</p><br>
<p>The First Christian Church in Junction City, Kentucky is a historic Christian church at the junction of Shelby and Cemetery Streets. It was built in 1932 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed notable " as a locally significant Period Revival interpretation of the early Christian Byzantine churches, with low massing and restrained ornament. It is of brick masonry with formed concrete basement foundation built on an "L" plan with intersecting gable roofs joined with a two-story vestibule/tower entry. Design details include large, stained glass, arch-headed windows centered in both gable ends above banks of stained glass sash windows, all trimmed with stone arches and lintels; corner buttresses with stone caps; stone coping at gable parapets; tower with wide eave overhang, shallow hip roof, louvered vents in the upper story and arch above the double door entry."</p><br>
<p>The Fredonia Cumberland Presbyterian Church, in Fredonia, Kentucky, also known as Unity Missionary Baptist Church is a historic church on USA Highway 641. It was built in 1892 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>It is described as "a straightforward, well-executed version of Victorian Gothic architecture used in the construction of many Protestant churches in Kentucky during the late 19th century."</p><br>
<p>It is a cruciform-plan church which has a square bell tower. It originally had a cupola, but that was destroyed by lightning in 1925 and was not replaced.</p><br>
<p>The First Baptist Church in Murray, Kentucky is a historic Southern Baptist church at 203 S. Fourth Street. It was built in 1931-33 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>It is a large brick church with a 1600-seat auditorium. Orange and blue glazed brick was used in decorating its exterior.</p><br>
<p>The first church of the congregation was a frame church built in 1848 at cost of $440. Its second church was built in 1901 at cost of $5,500. The present church cost $130,000.</p><br>
<p>St John&#39;s Lutheran Cemetery is a historic Lutheran cemetery on Upper Tug Fork Rd. near Alexandria, Kentucky. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It is the cemetery of the St. John&#39;s Lutheran Church, which was established in 1860 and served German Lutherans in both in its Campbell County, Kentucky area and in southern Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was deemed "significant as a place of interment for local German Protestants. It also contains a unique instance of German funerary folk art."</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church, also known as St. Joseph, Camp Springs and St. Joseph in the Hills, is a rural Roman Catholic parish near Camp Springs in Campbell County, Kentucky. The historic parish church and cemetery are located at 6833 Four Mile Road. The parochial school was located on the adjacent plot at 6829 Four Mile Road. It remains an active parish in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington, and its cemetery is still open for the burial of parish members.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Catholic priests had visited the area as early as 1844. Martin Spalding, Bishop of Louisville, himself came to Four Mile Creek in August 1853 and was instrumental in the founding of the parish. By 1858, there were 109 registered families, mostly German immigrants. In 1868, the parish school moved into its own stone building, though this was later replaced with a modern structure, and by 2015, the school had closed except for its preschool programs due to declining enrollment.</p><br>
<h2>Church</h2><br>
<p>The church is situated on a promontory that overlooks the valley. Completed in 1865, it is a belfried brick structure with a low gabled roof. It is notable for the rich iconography of its interior decor, including altarpieces and murals, mostly installed under the pastorship of Fr. Woestehen, parish priest from 1909 to 1926. Stained glass windows were contributed by members of the church from 1910 to 1912, and plaster and molding work were also installed in 1912. In the 1920s, the church&#39;s murals were painted by Leon Lippert, a student of noted Covington artist Frank Duveneck. The statue of Our Lady of Sorrows was donated in 1926 by Emma Ritter, and marble work in the sanctuary was completed by Bert Moriconi and painted in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>On May 16, 1983, the church and cemetery were added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Salem Methodist Episcopal Church and Parsonage  is a historic church and parsonage at 810 York Street in Newport, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>The church was founded by the German-born pastor John George Schaal (1844–1949).</p><br>
<p>It was built in 1882. In 1986, the church lost its steeple to a tornado, and the congregation then merged with Grace Methodist Episcopal Church, also in Newport. The building was sold to a performing arts organization, and currently is the venue of Stained Glass Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. The structure is a contributing property to the York Street Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Freeman Chapel C.M.E. Church is a historic Christian Methodist Episcopal church at 137 S. Virginia Street in Hopkinsville, Kentucky which was built during 1923–25. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant both for its history and its architecture. It is a two-story brick Classical Revival-style building on a tall basement foundation. It has arched clerestory windows.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal parish at 216 East 6th Street in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, United States. The current  building was built in 1883 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The church is a member of the Episcopal Diocese of Kentucky.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hopkinsville&#39;s first Episcopal parish was started around 1830 by Bishop Benjamin B. Smith and the Reverend George P. Giddinge, who was the first Missioner in Charge. Coincidentally, both of the men who lent their names to Hopkinsville and Christian County - respectively, Samuel Hopkins and William Christian - were both Episcopalians. After meeting in a Presbyterian church and the local courthouse, the members of Grace Episcopal Church constructed their first building around 1850 near the northern end of its present location. Additionally, the very first rectory still exists at the northwestern corner of Fifth and Liberty streets.</p><br>
<p>On October 10, 1875, Christian County native and president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, Jefferson Davis, worshiped at Grace Church. The parish maintains a historical marker which mentions this visit.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Churchs current building dates to 1883, when funds were gathered for its construction. It features English Gothic Revival architecture, which was popular at the time. John C. Latham Jr., a locally renowned philanthropist from Hopkinsville, financed the majority of the cost. To return this favor, Grace Church designed two stained glass windows in the nave to honor him and his mother, Virginia Glass Latham. Lathams generosity also extended to include the purchase of an Estey Organ for the sanctuary and a $50,000 endowment following his death in 1909.</p><br>
<p>At a time when African Americans were still being oppressed in the American South, Nat Gaither opened a Christian education program to benefit black children in the 1880s. With the help of parishioners from Grace Church, Alexander Hamilton (A.H.) McNeil (The first permanent black episcopal clergyman in Christian County) raised money and constructed a separate church, Chapel of the Good Shepherd, in 1896. It was designed in the Neo-Federal style and is now occupied by the Aaron McNeil House. In the twentieth century, two additions were made to Grace Church: Gaither Hall in 1906 and All Saints Hall in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Grace Commons</h2><br>
<p>Grace Commons is a labyrinth. It was designed with eleven circuits and modeled after the one integrated into the stone floor of Chartres Cathedral in Chartres, France circa 1201. The turns in the circuits are placed into four quadrants with a six-petal rosette in the center. Grace Commons is open to the public, not just members of Grace Episcopal Church. It is located at the corner of Seventh and Liberty Streets facing the main parish building. There are two entrances into the labyrinth, one with steps descending from a parking lot on Sixth Street and another that is wheelchair-accessible from Seventh Street.</p><br>
<p>Grace Episcopal Church gained the site now occupied by the Commons in November 2004. It was purchased by the parish with an endowment and an anonymous donation. The locally renowned Latham Hotel once stood on part of the property before a fire destroyed it in 1940. Yet, the building remained through Grace Church&#39;s purchase some sixty years later. Therefore, the parish leadership (i.e., the vestry) negotiated for about a year before deciding to raze the building in favor of creating a labyrinth to benefit the community. Grace Commons was constructed by Labyrinths in Stone from Yorkville, Illinois and was finished in October 2008. A secular ribbon-cutting ceremony was conducted by Hopkinsville civic leaders on May 26, 2009, and an ecclesial dedication was held by Bishop Ted Gulick on July 19, 2009.</p><br>
<h2>All Saints Hall</h2><br>
<p>All Saints Hall is a small convention center attached to Grace Episcopal Churchs main structure. The building efforts that led to its construction began in 1976 when the Reverend J. Roland Johnston served as rector. Even after his death, Grace parish sought to gain all of its surrounding properties in order to regenerate a dying neighborhood which compromised its existence. This was accomplished by 1984 and included the acquisition of an automobile body shop, a plumbing store, a billiards hall, and a Veterans of Foreign Wars Club. The demolition projects cost Grace Church over $200,000, which were financed by a substantial bequest and a budgetary allocation. It was designed by a local architect named Tom M. Paine. The construction of All Saints Hall was about $375,000, made possible by the Diocese of Kentucky Revolving Fund and Planters Bank and Trust Company. Additionally, about half of the buildings total cost was raised in special pledges and congregational donations. A groundbreaking ceremony was held on March 4, 1984, and completed by the Rader Construction Company in 1985. Grace parish gathered for the first time in All Saints Hall for a dinner on November 14, 1984. Today, it is used for meals and other functions, to include a nursery and weekday preschool. The addition features hand-blown stained glass and a variety of heraldic banners adorned with apostolic symbols, which were designed by the St. Elizabeth&#39;s Guild and the Episcopal Church Women.</p><br>
<p>The First Evangelical Reformed Church on Kentucky Route 80 in the small community of Bernstadt, Kentucky, is a historic church built in 1884. It has also been known as Swiss Colony Church. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>It was built by Swiss immigrants who were recruited to move from Switzerland to Laurel County, Kentucky, in the late 1800s.</p><br>
<p>St. Thomas Episcopal Church is a historic Episcopal parish and church on Hill Street in Beattyville, Kentucky, United States. The stone church building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Efforts to establish an Episcopal Church presence in the area began in the mid-19th century, after Benjamin B. Smith, Bishop of Kentucky, visited the area in 1840 while serving as Kentuckys Superintendent of Public Instruction. In 1845, he raised $200 from St. Pauls in Boston, and St. Pauls mission was established in Proctor, across the Kentucky River, in 1870. The mission in turn established a chapel in Beattyville in 1879. Smiths successor, Thomas Dudley, purchased land in 1887 to construct a church, but the cornerstone was not laid until 1896. Construction was thereafter led by local carpenter and stonemason Richard Nathaniel Lyons Sr. Dudley consecrated the new church of St. Thomas, Beattyvile, on November 15, 1903.</p><br>
<p>The Wooton Presbyterian Center, also known as Wooton Community Center, is a historic building on KY 80 in Wooton, Kentucky. It was built during 1919-21 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The center provided medical services to the community from 1917 until 1950. Its building, completed in 1921, is a two-and-a-half-story Shingle Style building with a recessed porch on its first floor and an enclosed sunporch on its second floor.</p><br>
<p>The Old Mulkey Meetinghouse, also known as Mill Creek Baptist Church, is a historic church built in 1804 in Tompkinsville, Kentucky. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It is part of the Old Mulkey Meetinghouse State Historic Site.</p><br>
<p>It is "significant both as one of Kentucky&#39;s earliest log churches and for its unusual construction features - its twelve-sided construction and its lack of a fireplace."</p><br>
<p>Mount Vernon A.M.E. Church, also known as Mount Vernon African Methodist Episcopal Church, is a historic church located north of Gamaliel, Kentucky on Kentucky Route 100. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>It is a one-room one-story log structure built with dovetail notching. It was built by emancipated slaves in 1848. It was the first black church in Monroe County, and it served as a school as well.</p><br>
<p>The Buckhorn Presbyterian Church  and the Geer Gymnasium are two historic log buildings located off KY 28 in Buckhorn, Kentucky. The church and the gymnasium, completed in 1928 and 1927 respectively, are the only two surviving buildings from Witherspoon College, a Buckhorn school which served grades 1–12. Presbyterian minister Harvey Murdoch established the church and school in 1902 in response to southeastern Kentucky&#39;s lack of educational facilities and permanent churches at the time. Both institutions grew rapidly; the school had 369 students by 1914, and when the new church building was constructed, the 865-member congregation was the largest rural Presbyterian church in Kentucky. The church and gymnasium were the last two buildings constructed for the college; the older buildings have since been lost to fire or demolition.</p><br>
<p>The buildings were added to the National Register in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Middaugh-Stone House and Dutch Barn is a historic home and Dutch barn located at Rochester in Ulster County, New York. The property includes the stone house , Dutch barn , horse barn , granary , and hoop shop . Also on the property is a well house  and two family burying grounds. These families include the Krom, Middaugh, Osterhoudt, and Quick families. The house is a -story, rectangular three-by-two-bay stone dwelling with a -story frame rear wing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Terwilliger–Smith Farm is located on Cherrytown Road near the hamlet of Kerhonkson in the Town of Rochester in Ulster County, New York, United States. It was established in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>It has remained on the same lot for its entire existence. With the newest of the farm buildings dating to the early 20th century, it is a rare example of a complete historic farmstead in the county, reflecting different eras in the evolution of local agriculture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The farm is located on the north side of the road roughly one mile (1.6 km) east of Samsonville Road (County Route 3). It is a 28 acre parcel on land that gently drains north to Mombaccus Creek. The open fields in the rear of the property allow views of the eastern ranges of the Catskill Mountains, matched by the view towards the Shawangunk Ridge in the other direction. The surrounding properties are primarily other small farms and residences, with their fields bounded by woodlands.</p><br>
<p>There are 13 buildings and one site on the property, most of them concentrated around the horseshoe-shaped driveway, sheltered by mature maple trees, to the front. In addition to the house, they include the smokehouse, privy, slaughter house, swine house, hoop shop, granary, chicken house, and tool shed all dating to the mid-19th century. Also on the property are early 20th century buildings including a barn, ice house, milk house, and garage.</p><br>
<h3>Main house</h3><br>
<p>The house is a two-story, five-bay timber frame structure sided in its original clapboard. It is topped with a metal clad gable roof with snow guards, pierced by brick chimneys at either end. At the roofline is a cornice with returns. All windows are double-hung six-over-six sash.</p><br>
<p>On the north (rear) there is a one-story shed-roofed extension with raised parapets. A three-bay hip roofed porch supported by four square wooden pillars shelters the main entrance. It is complemented by a one-story screened porch on the west.</p><br>
<p>The entrance, flanked by sidelights, opens into a center hall with the original wood flooring, trim, and door hardware. A balustraded staircase leads upstairs to the bedrooms. Another stair leads down to the cellar, divided into three rooms. An original cistern is located under the kitchen; the floor retains its original bluestone.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>At the opposite corner of the property, the barn serves as a counterpoint to the house. It is a four-story gambrel roofed timber-frame structure built into a hillside. Part of the foundation of a predecessor barn that burned down, leaving the farm&#39;s one contributing site. The three-bay main block is built of dimensional lumber with novelty siding and a metal roof. A smaller two-story ell projects to the south. Inside is a central drive with haylofts on either side and four standing stalls for horses with haylofts above. Both lofts have an overhead track and fork; the end walls are reinforced with vertical trusses.</p><br>
<p>A lower level of the barn, built into a hillside, serves as the milking parlor. Its two rows of stanchions run the length have room for 18 cows of the building, with room for 18 cows. North-facing windows provide the light.</p><br>
<p>It is complemented by a milk house to the east of the barn, upslope from the milking parlor. It is a two-story square building with a gabled metal roof and one door facing the barn. Inside, it has a concrete floor and inground cooler.</p><br>
<p>Also in the barn&#39;s vicinity are an icehouse, chicken house and garage. The first is to the northwest, a one-and-a-half-story dimensional lumber building with novelty siding and no windows. It has a two-level metal door and ventilator atop the roof. The interior walls are sided in shiplap but lack insulation.</p><br>
<p>To its east is the chicken house, a two-story frame building on stone foundation with novelty siding and metal roof. Its north end is a large roost area with windows facing downhill; the second floor has a loft door. The garage, east the barn along the driveway, is a concrete block structure faced in imitation stonework and topped with a metal hipped roof. It has two bi-fold doors with upper glass panels facing the driveway and a pair of windows on each end.</p><br>
<p>South of the barn, across the driveway, is the granary. It is a three-story frame building with vertical siding and a metal gabled roof. The north end of the gable is open to allow access to the corn bin on the east, inside slated walls with doors hung from the top to help it dry, and other grain bins on the west. Charring from the barn fire is still present on the inside roof beams. An entrance on the west with stair provides the other access.</p><br>
<p>A two-story frame tool shed with gabled seamed metal roof is south of the granary along the road. It has novelty siding and a pair of entrance doors on strap hinges facing the road. A line of windows runs up the center of the north gable end.</p><br>
<p>Between the house and barn, the largest building is the hoop shop. It is also a two-story frame building with seamed metal gable roof, but sided in clapboard instead. A pair of strap-hinged doors on the east end provide access to a cider pressing room, with the remains of the original cider press. Open stairs along the west gable lead to the hoop shop upstairs with built-in workbench lit by three large windows. Next to it, on the east of the upper story, a large bulk storage area could also be accessed from an open loft door on the east.</p><br>
<p>Behind the hoop shop is the swine house, a one-story frame saltbox building with metal roof and board-and-batten siding. Each of the many pens inside has an upward sliding hatch door to the west and north controlled from the inside by rope and pulley. On the north is a raised bluestone terrace with stone retaining wall on the outside.</p><br>
<p>A single window and door face toward the slaughterhouse, five feet (1.6 m) to the east. It is a heavy timber-frame building on a stone foundation with wide exposure clapboard siding and standing seam metal roof. Two doors on either side open into a room with the remains of a central brick hearth and flue with 3-foot (1 m) scalding pot.</p><br>
<p>The next building to the east is the smokehouse, a small square frame building on a stone foundation with clapboard siding and a wood shingle gabled roof. It has a single strap-hinged door. To its north is the two-seater outhouse, a clapboard-sided frame building beneath a metal gabled roof.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The lot lines of the farm were established in 1830 and have not varied since. The first person to intensively use the property for agricultural purposes was James Terwilliger, who bought the farm around 1850 when he was in his mid-20s. It is likely he began as a subsistence farmer and built the house and most of the other buildings.</p><br>
<p>The stand-alone slaughterhouse is the only one extant in Ulster County. The hoop shop reflects the need for subsistence farmers to engage in various trades and crafts to supplement their income. Specialized structures like the swine house and chicken house were erected later on in the century as such structures were developed to maximize yields and farms increasingly began to specialize.</p><br>
<p>It stayed in his family until Friend Smith purchased the farm in 1919. He would build the new barn, garage, milkhouse and icehouse, reflecting the transition among local farmers from a wide mix of produce to almost exclusively dairy farming, with the railroads allowing them access to the New York City market. The farm has passed through other owners since then, but there have been almost no significant changes to the buildings save for shingle siding on the main house at the time it was listed on the National Register. It has since been removed, restoring the house&#39;s historic appearance.</p><br>
<p>Maverick Concert Hall was built in 1916 and was part of the Maverick Artist Colony in Hurley, New York.</p><br>
<p>The concert hall hosts the Maverick Concerts, a summer chamber music festival. Alexander Platt is the current music director. The mainstay of the series, which runs from the end of June through early September, is to be found in the chamber music concerts performed by distinguished soloists and ensembles on Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons.</p><br>
<p>The Maverick Festival, a precursor to the Maverick Concerts, was founded in 1915 by Hervey White, and by 1931 the festival suspended.</p><br>
<h2>Maverick Artist Colony history</h2><br>
<p>“Maverick” is the name given to the collaborative colony for artists that Hervey White, a “freethinker, socialist, writer, and printer with a genius for friendship,” established on the outskirts of the town of Woodstock, on 102 acres he had bought in 1905. White&#39;s intention was to offer “young talent a chance to earn its living until its recognition.”</p><br>
<p>Hervey White had been an early founder and worker at the nearby Byrdcliffe Colony and he was one of the first to leave and start a new colony independently. The Byrdcliffe Colony had been "well-financed and run somewhat autocratically" with a strong sense of designing and planning a legacy and Maverick was "scruffier, more truly communal and anarchic".</p><br>
<h2>Maverick Festival (1915–1931)</h2><br>
<p>The Maverick Festivals opening concert was in August 1915 to raise funds in order to build a well for the colony, and was patterned after the European fairs. The following year in July 1916, a substantial article about the event was published in The New York Times, under the headline “Music Goes Back to Nature.” The program consisted of Haydns String Quartet Op. 77, No. 1, Max Bruchs Kol Nidrei for cello and piano, and Robert Schumanns piano quintet.</p><br>
<p>The festival was popular and as the audience grew larger, they introduced concert camping, and became harder to control. There was a lot of drinking and hard partying happened at the festival, even during the Prohibition banning alcohol. After 1931, the Maverick Festival was suspended indefinitely due to unsavory crowds and financial pressures.</p><br>
<p>The Maverick Festival is often named as being one of the precursors to the 1969 Woodstock festival.</p><br>
<h2>Maverick Concert Hall</h2><br>
<p>The historic concert hall is located in Hurley, New York, on the outskirts of Woodstock, in Ulster County. The barn-like, rectangular building with its gambrel roof was built in 1916 with a roof of asphalt and wood shingles and a frame of heavy timber, to which the walls—sheaths of wide planks—are nailed directly. The hall was constructed without the services of an architect and with volunteer labor, as part of the arts community known as the Maverick Colony.</p><br>
<p>The wooden construction and acoustics create an environment well suited to the intimacy of live chamber music, and the Maverick has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1999.</p><br>
<h3>Maverick Horse</h3><br>
<p>In the summer of 1924, Mr. White commissioned John Flannagan, a gifted but penniless sculptor, to create a symbol for the colony. Flannagan, one of the first direct carvers to work in the United States, was paid the prevailing wage of fifty cents an hour. Using an ax as his major tool, in a few days he had carved a monumental piece from the trunk of a chestnut tree.</p><br>
<p>The statue depicts the horse emerging from the outstretched hands of a man, who appears, in turn, to be emerging from the earth. The iconic 18-foot sculpture stood, for 36 years, at the entrance of the road to the concert hall and the now-vanished theater. After the horse began to weather alarmingly, it was moved to a nearby studio until 1979, when it was moved to the stage of the Maverick Concert Hall. A plaque at its base indicates that it was restored in 2006. It stands there still.</p><br>
<h2>John Cage and 4’33"</h2><br>
<p>On August 29, 1952, the young pianist and composer David Tudor premiered at the Maverick a well-known and controversial work by the American exponent of experimental music John Cage, one of the leading post-war avant-garde composers. Arguably Cages most famous piece, 4′33″ (which was originally scored for piano) has commonly been referred to as “four minutes and thirty-three seconds of silence.” Cage demonstrated, however, that the absence of notes was not the same thing as silence. The composers stated intention was for the audience to listen to the “accidental” sounds around them: the birdsong, the wind in the trees, the rain on the roof, the sounds of the audience members themselves.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history and Maverick Concerts</h2><br>
<p>The concert hall hosts the Maverick Concerts, a summer chamber music festival. Alexander Platt is the current music director. The mainstay of the series, which runs from the end of June through early September, is to be found in the chamber music concerts performed by distinguished soloists and ensembles on Sunday afternoons. Jazz and contemporary music have been given more prominence in recent seasons, and Saturday morning Maverick Family Concerts are popular with music lovers of all ages.</p><br>
<p>Cumberland Homesteads is a community located in Cumberland County, Tennessee, United States. Established by the New Deal-era Division of Subsistence Homesteads in 1934, the community was envisioned by federal planners as a model of cooperative living for the regions distressed farmers, coal miners, and factory workers. While the cooperative experiment failed and the federal government withdrew from the project in the 1940s, the Homesteads community nevertheless survived. In 1988, several hundred of the communitys original houses and other buildings, which are characterized by the native "crab orchard" sandstone used in their construction, were added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district.</p><br>
<p>By the early 1930s, decades of poor farming practices had rendered many of the small farms in East Tennessee untenable, and the Great Depression had left thousands of coal miners and other industrial workers unemployed. In January 1934, the Division of Subsistence Homesteads chose Cumberland County as a site for one of its "stranded" agricultural communities, in which families were resettled on small farms and would work in community-owned businesses. Most of the cooperative ventures failed, however, and after World War II the government divested itself of the project. The community&#39;s general layout still appears much as it did in the late 1930s.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Cumberland Homesteads is located in a hilly area atop the Cumberland Plateau, just south of Crossville. Byrd Creek, a tributary of the Obed River, flows through and drains much of the community. Cumberland Mountain State Park, which was developed simultaneously in the 1930s as a recreational area, is located in Cumberland Homesteads.</p><br>
<p>USA Route 127 connects the Homestead area with Crossville and Interstate 40 to the north and the Sequatchie Valley to the south. State Route 68 (Grassy Cove Road) connects the area to Grassy Cove and Spring City to the east. The Cumberland Homesteads Historic District, which covers over 10,000 acre, includes properties on Chestnut Lane, Coon Hollow Lane, County Seat Road, Crab Apple Lane, Crab Orchard Road, Deep Draw Road, Grassy Cove Road (State Route 68), Highland Lane, Huckleberry Road, Old Mail Road, Open Range Road, Pigeon Ridge Road (State Route 419), Saw Mill Road, Turkey Oak Road, and Valley Road, as well as over a dozen structures in Cumberland Mountain State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Conception</h2><br>
<p>The passage of the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933 created the Division of Subsistence Homesteads and gave the Roosevelt Administration $25,000,000 to purchase land for the creation of small farming communities for the nations displaced workers. Cumberland County farm agent Robert Lyons led a local committee that drew up a proposal for a homestead community, which it submitted to the Division of Subsistence Homesteads in December 1933. Lyons had likely been influenced by earlier Plateau-area "back to the land" experiments, such as the Clifty Consolidated Coal Companys 1917 program that helped Fentress County miners purchase small farms, as well as relief efforts provided by local Quakers. Due in part to the influence of Tennessee Valley Authority chairman and cooperative living proponent Arthur Morgan, the Division of Subsistence Homesteads accepted the Cumberland County proposal in January 1934. The Civil Works Administration immediately hired several hundred locals to prepare the newly acquired land, providing wages that effectively ended the Great Depression in Cumberland County. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) architect William Macy Stanton, who designed a number of buildings in TVA&#39;s planned city of Norris, drew up basic designs for houses and other buildings at the Homesteads.</p><br>
<h2>Intention and Applicants</h2><br>
<p>Overall, Franklin D. Roosevelt came up with the project with grandiose expectations. FDR not only wanted the homes to be comfortable for the tenants, but the community to be utopian like. The Division focused on three types of settlements&mdash; communities of part-time farmers near wage-earning employment, communities of farmers resettled from unproductive land, and communities of "stranded" industrial workers, namely miners and loggers. The latter type, which eventually included Cumberland Homesteads, drew the most criticism, as many believed such communities would never be self-supporting. Kelly Cox, Director of the Cumberland Homestead Tower Association believes the project was successful because of the dire situation. According to her, the people were desperate for opportunity to work and create a living for themselves.</p><br>
<p>Over 20,000 acre of land south of Crossville were purchased from the Missouri Land Company, and Cumberland Homesteads, Inc., was created to administer the project.</p><br>
<p>Of the initial 233 families selected for the Cumberland Homesteads project, 30% were distressed farmers, 30% were unemployed miners, 30% were unemployed textile workers, and 10% were struggling professionals (including teachers, nurses, and a doctor).</p><br>
<h2>Success of Project</h2><br>
<p>A community-owned store (the "Trading Post") and cannery were established in 1934, but both struggled with inexperienced management. Wage-paying industries never relocated to the Homesteads as the government had hoped, and attempts by homesteaders to establish a coal mine and sorghum mill failed. Throughout the 1930s, the Homesteads project was overseen by a succession of agencies with differing philosophies, leaving the project without a clear purpose. By 1945, the federal government had extricated itself from the Homesteads project after allowing the remaining homesteaders to purchase their farms. Although the original purpose of the Homesteads project failed, the community survived, and over half the farms remained in the hands of original homesteaders through the 1950s.</p><br>
<h2>Interviews with Local Historians</h2><br>
<p>Today the works hard to preserve the rich history of the Cumberland Homestead project. Three individuals who work in the Tower Association were interviewed and were clear in the opportunity that the project provided. Charles Tollett, an Association volunteer, was adamant that the Homesteads were not another Government handout, but an opportunity for Tennessee citizens to work hard for a place to live. From the beginning when the land was cleared and homes were built, the community held a pivotal role. Kelly Cox the Museum Director shared that some eventual tenants were working while two thirds of their credit hours would go towards purchasing a home.</p><br>
<h2>Building designs</h2><br>
<p>When establishing the community, its creators were clear in their intention to build with resources local to the area according to Tollett. Buildings at Cumberland Homesteads were constructed using primarily a locally quarried sandstone known as "crab orchard" stone, which is known for its durability and reddish hue in late afternoon sunlight. The most notable building in Cumberland Homesteads is the Homesteads Tower, a cross-shaped building centered around an eight-story octagonal water tower. This building originally housed the Homesteads offices and provided water to the community. Today it is home to the Cumberland Homestead Tower Association which preserves the history of the program. The elementary school and high school, located behind the Homesteads Tower, consists of unique pod-style designs, with detached classrooms and workshops connected by covered walkways. Both school complexes are now part of Homestead Elementary School. The cannery and hosiery mill have both been modified to the extent that they are not considered contributing properties to the historic district, although their respective water towers are considered contributing structures.</p><br>
<h2>Homestead Today</h2><br>
<p>Most of the original 251 houses are still standing. Fifteen distinct housing designs have been identified, with eleven of the designs found multiple times, as they followed basic patterns provided by William Macy Stanton. Stanton&#39;s designs include rectangular houses, L-shaped houses, and T-shaped houses, most of which are 1.5 stories with gable roofs and one or two chimneys. Most houses originally had covered-porch entrances and batten doors. Typical interiors consisted of pine paneling with built-in bookcases. Attics contained water storage tanks, and most houses were wired in anticipation of TVA providing electrical power. Most farmsteads included a barn (with either gable or gambrel-roof design), a smokehouse, a chicken house, and toolsheds.</p><br>
<p>The Cumberland Homesteads Historic District includes several structures at Cumberland Mountain State Park, including Byrd Creek Dam, Millhouse Lodge (originally a gristmill designed by Quakers), several rustic cabins, and a stone water tower. Byrd Creek Dam is the largest masonry structure ever built by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Two stone arch bridges, one along Deep Draw Road and one along Old Mail Road, are listed as contributing structures within the district.</p><br>
<p>The Colonel James Drane House is a frontier I-house built from 1846 to 1848. It is located on the historic Natchez Trace, at mile marker 180.7 on the modern Natchez Trace Parkway in French Camp, Mississippi, USA. It was built for James Drane, a state politician.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 21, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The house is an attraction for modern visitors to the Natchez Trace.</p><br>
<p>See also Old Natchez Trace segments listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<p>The Original Wasco County Courthouse is a historic former courthouse, located in The Dalles, Oregon, United States. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places under the name First Wasco County Courthouse, and is also listed as a contributing resource in the National Register-listed Trevitt&#39;s Addition Historic District.</p><br>
<p>One of only two remaining courthouses from prior to Oregon statehood, this building served Wasco County from 1859 until 1882, and then as The Dalles city hall until 1907. From its original location in downtown The Dalles, it has been moved several times before its current location within Trevitt&#39;s Addition Historic District.</p><br>
<p>As of 2010, it was managed as a museum by the Wasco County Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>DuBois-Deyo House is a historic home located at Rosendale in Ulster County, New York. It was built about 1750 and is composed of two sections. The main block is a two-story, four-by-two-bay stone and frame building with a two-story frame rear wing. Also on the property is a garage dated to about 1890.</p><br>
<p>The house was purchased by artist Carolee Schneemann in 1964 and became her primary residence until her death in 2019. Many of her artworks were created and filmed in the house, including the film Fuses.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Apple Tavern in Guilderland, New York was built in 1760 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The listing included four contributing buildings on a 6.3 acre area.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1760 (or 1765</p><br>
<p>In the 1980s and later it has been operated as a bed and breakfast, antique shop, and wedding and event venue known as the Appel Inn.</p><br>
<p>The Stokely Davis House  was built in 1850 and included Italianate architecture and Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The house was among the best two-story vernacular I-house examples in the county (along with William King House, Alpheus Truett House, Claiborne Kinnard House, Beverly Toon House, and Old Town, a.k.a. Thomas Brown House).</p><br>
<p>It had a two-story portico with Doric columns, and a two-story frame addition to the rear. Its central hall plan interior included Greek Revival-influenced original fireplace mantles with architrave molding and original doors with architrave moldings. Photography was not allowed in the interior, as of its listing.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>On the early morning of January 28, 2014, it burned down.</p><br>
<p>It was removed from the National Register on July 15, 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Knight-Moran House, near Franklin, Tennessee, was built in 1820. Also known as Woodland, and denoted as WM-44. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>It is a double pen one-and-a-half-story log and frame house. Its east wing was built c.1820 by Winfield Knight as a single pen log house with stone foundation and stone chimney. A c.1840 log pen is joined by a breezeway. It has a c.1860 addition with a c.1960 extension. There are several interesting outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Bridge in Franklin, Tennessee was a "frame bridge across Brown Creek near its junction with the Big Harpeth River." It was built by USA soldiers in 1801. It carried the Harpeth River branch of the Natchez Trace over Brown&#39;s Creek. The bridge was rebuilt several times subsequently, but was dismantled some time before 1988. Only the limestone abutments remained when the site was surveyed in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is "one of the oldest remaining man-made bridges in Tennessee". A photograph of the bridge is available which shows the "structure consisted of massive masonry abutments with a short pole bridge suspended between them. Pole bridges were probably the most common type of bridge erected in frontier days and are still used today for simple county bridges. These bridges consist merely of poles (trees or logs) extending from one abutment to another with a deck of saplings or planks laid across these poles. Obviously these could be quite primitive with the ground or a natural feature such as a rock shelf serving as the abutments, but they could only be used for short spans. Some pole bridges used log cribs filled with rock and dirt as abutments."</p><br>
<p>This is considered to be the only site on the Natchez Trace in Williamson County, Tennessee, that retains historic integrity.</p><br>
<p>It is located about 300 yards from Thomas Brown House, which is also NRHP-listed, and near a plaque to Old Town, an Indian village and mounds site.</p><br>
<p>The Logan Tabernacle is a tabernacle of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints  and is located in Logan, Cache County, Utah. It is used regularly for church meetings, most often semi-annual stake conferences, seminary graduations, musical concerts, and lectures. The tabernacle welcomes visitors and is open for tours each summer from June to September. It is the site of many local celebrations, including the city&#39;s annual Summerfest Arts Faire held each June on the tabernacle grounds.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>The foundation of the tabernacle was begun in 1864. The building took twenty-seven years to complete. During that time, work was delayed twice. In 1873, the building work resumed and the size was enlarged from 60/106 to 65/130. The second delay came in 1877 after workers had completed the exterior walls. Workers moved from the tabernacle to finish the nearby Logan Temple. Work soon resumed with the main assembly hall being finished in 1881; the completed building was dedicated in 1891 by LDS Church president Wilford Woodruff.</p><br>
<h3>Architecture</h3><br>
<p>The building&#39;s architectural style is characterized as classically eclectic with elements of Greek, Roman, Gothic and Byzantine styles. The edifice was built entirely from local materials. The exterior walls are of local quartzite quarried in Green Canyon eight miles to the northeast. White limestone was employed for the corners and trimmings and was quarried near Franklin, Idaho some twenty miles to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Modifications</h2><br>
<p>Several major modifications were made not long after the building was completed. Originally, there were three outside stairways leading to the main floor. They were removed and new stairways were rebuilt inside of an entrance enclosure in the late 1880s. The stained glass windows in the west façade were installed sometime before 1910. In the early 1950s the building was heavily renovated with the original pews being replaced and pine floor was covered with asphalt tiles. The interior of the assembly hall was completely redecorated, the walls were painted an unfortunate pale mint green. The original hand-stenciled ceiling painting was covered over with acoustical tile, the organ casework of dark-stained quarter-sawn oak was painted over with "blond" finish and all other furnishings were changed in accordance with the style of the day.</p><br>
<p>A four-year-long restoration project, completed in 1989 sought to reverse many of these changes and return elements of the original pioneer design to the decor. The interior paint scheme was changed to reflect what was discovered under many layers of paint laid on over the years. The acoustical tile was removed from the ceiling and the simple, elegant stenciling was restored. The original ceiling designs and scroll work were painted on oil cloth and attached directly to the plaster ceiling; the restored painting was directly on the ceiling itself. The pine pillars supporting the balcony in the assembly hall were painted by a Utah artist to resemble marble- a technique known to Utah pioneer artisans at the time the tabernacle was originally constructed and found in other tabernacles at Salt Lake, Box Elder and Paris, Idaho.</p><br>
<p>In 2019, the church announced the tabernacle would close for seismic upgrades and other renovations in 2021. The following year the tabernacle closed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing the renovation to get started earlier than planned. As part of the renovations, the bell tower and roof were better anchored to the building and a shear wall was added (resulting in the center section of the balcony losing seats); these modifications helped strength the structure against future earthquakes. The historic baptismal font and Family History Center were removed from the basement level and replaced with additional meeting rooms. Various systems were also upgraded, including the HVAC technologies. The newly restored tabernacle was rededicated by Elder Quentin L. Cook on August 25, 2024.</p><br>
<h2>Pipe organ</h2><br>
<p>The Great Organ of the Logan Tabernacle was built by Henry Pilchers Sons of Louisville, Kentucky. It was shipped to Cache Valley in 1908 and was completed as the firms Opus 620 and dedicated in a recital given by H.G. Smurthwaite on August 1 of that year. The organ was installed and voiced in the tabernacle by James Day of the Pilcher company and the local newspaper reported that visitors often stopped in to observe the work. The organ&#39;s action was originally tubular-pneumatic, a type of pipe organ action that necessitated small lead tubes from each key at the console to the windchests on which stood the pipes.</p><br>
<p>In 1952-53, the organ was rebuilt by the LDS Church Organ Maintenance Department, under the direction of Wayne Carroll. The key and stop action was electrified and converted to electro-pneumatic action,a new console built by the Reuter organ company was installed and several ranks of original pipework were replaced and/or revoiced. In 1987 and 2009, H. Ronald Poll & Associates of Salt Lake City rebuilt and further modernized the organ. Most recently, the control system was replaced, a new console installed and several digital stops by the Walker Technical Company were added. The instrument currently comprises 45 pipe ranks and some 2,850 individual pipes controlled by a three manual and pedal console. Of the visible 194 gold-leafed façade pipes, 38 speak (i.e. sound) and are located on the southeast side and are stenciled in red. The organ’s smallest pipe is 3/4” long and the largest is almost 16 feet tall. The organ’s wind is generated by a 7 horsepower Spencer blower in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The Beasley-Parham House is located in the vicinity of Greenbrier, Tennessee, United States. The house is a double pen dogtrot design, consisting of two log pens, each with an exterior chimney, that were originally connected by an open breezeway . The breezeway was enclosed with siding some time before the end of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. When listed the property included two contributing buildings, and four contributing structures on 1.8 acre.</p><br>
<p>Montpier, also known as Nicholas Perkins House, is a two-and-a-half-story brick house built on a stone foundation during 1821–22. It has a gable roof with twin brick chimneys at each gable end. It was built with slave labor. Its original style was Federal, but its facade was modified in the 1859s by addition of a Greek Revival two-tiered portico and a doorway with side lights, corner lights and transom.</p><br>
<p>It was built for Nicholas "Bigbee" Perkins III (1779-1848), of a plantation family. Perkins is notable as the man who recognized Aaron Burr and assisted in Burr&#39;s arrest for treason on February 18, 1807.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The John Gordon House is a historic brick home located along the Old Natchez Trace near Williamsport, Tennessee, within the boundaries of the Natchez Trace Parkway, a National Park Service unit.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1818. It is one of only two remaining structures from the early history of the Natchez Trace located along the Natchez Trace Parkway. It was built by John Gordon and his wife Dolly, the main house of a plantation that included 1500 acres, a ferry over the Duck River and a trading post. The land was originally located in Chickasaw territory when Gordon acquired it.</p><br>
<p>The National Park Service acquired the Gordon House and surrounding property in 1973. In 1974, the home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The exterior of the house has been restored to its 1818 appearance.</p><br>
<p>Wailuku Elementary School is a public elementary school operated by the Hawaii Department of Education, occupying a historic school building in Wailuku, Hawaii.</p><br>
<p>At the time Wailuku School was dedicated in May 1904 (as Wailuku Public School, renamed Wailuku Elementary School in 1928), it was described as "the handsomest school building on the island or perhaps the country." Designed by one of the Territory of Hawaii&#39;s most prominent architects, C.W. Dickey (then in partnership with E.A.P. Newcomb), it remains the only stone school building in Maui. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on 30 June 2000.</p><br>
<p>On 21 May 1904 Territorial Senator Henry Perrine Baldwin laid the cornerstone and buried a cast iron time capsule containing an 1866 copy of the Daily Hawaiian Herald (whose most famous reporter was Mark Twain) and other publications from the era, along with an assortment of USA and Hawaiian coins and postage stamps. The time capsule was unearthed on 21 April 2004.</p><br>
<p>The royal palms that line the driveway were planted on Arbor Day in 1905, the old wooden schoolhouse was torn down in 1907, and new classrooms of concrete block were added in 1951. During World War II, the USA Army commandeered the building, forcing classes to be held in nearby churches and community buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Wilkinson-Martin House, also known as the Sims House, is a historic Federal style house at 954 North 1st Street in Pulaski, Tennessee. The house was built between 1830 and 1835. It is the oldest Federal style house and one of the oldest houses of any style surviving in Pulaski.</p><br>
<p>The Federal style developed and was widely employed in the north and east of the United States during the period 1785 to 1815. It reached and persisted in the south and west later, up to 1830. When this house was built the style was "definitely on the wane" but it "suited the tastes" of Wilkinson, a transplanted Virginian. The house is one of the last-built Federal houses in the area; at the time of its construction, the prevailing style had become Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the house included the use of slave labor.</p><br>
<p>Federal style applies to the inside as well as the exterior of the house.</p><br>
<p>The house was later home to Wilkinson&#39;s daughter and her husband David Martin, who twice served as mayor of Pulaski while living in the home.</p><br>
<p>The house remained in one family for 130 years. The Wilkinson family was one of the earliest white settler families in Giles County, having moved there in 1809, the year the county was established.</p><br>
<p>During the American Civil War, Pulaski was occupied by the Union Army from 1862 on. After the war ended, freed blacks began settling near the Wilkinson-Martin house, in the northwest section of Pulaski. The house retained its rural character, however.</p><br>
<p>It is now used as a community activities center.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 17, 2010.</p><br>
<p>It is located on a hill across from the historic Bridgeforth High School, a black institution which is also listed on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>A gazebo and a wishing well on the property are modern, non-contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The Hotel Ramapo, now known as Taft Hotel, was previously known as Nortonia Hotel, Danmoore Hotel, and  Franklin Hotel. It is a historic residential hotel in Portland, Oregon, United States. Built in 1906, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Designed as a residential hotel by Edgar M. Lazarus in 1906, the building was owned by Lazarus until his death in 1939. He first leased it to Mrs. A. B. Norton, and the hotels first name was Nortonia Hotel. Mrs. Norton gave up her lease and used the name Nortonia for the next hotel she managed, now known as the Mark Spencer Hotel. In 1908, Lazarus leased the building to Dan Moore, who renamed the structure the Danmoore Hotel. Moore closed the hotel in 1909 when he could not make rent payments. Lazarus, refurnished the building and in June 1909 reopened it with the name Hotel Ramapo, with M. E. Foley as proprietor. In 1955, the Ramapo Hotel became the Taft Hotel, and the name Taft has been employed in the buildings subsequent uses. The building is now the Taft Home, a facility for senior and disabled adults.</p><br>
<h3>National Register of Historic Places</h3><br>
<p>Franklin Hotel was the erroneous historic name assigned to the building when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The actual Franklin Hotel, located at 515 SW 13th Avenue, was built in 1907. How the author of the National Register nomination confused, by name, the Franklin Hotel (1907) with the historic Hotel Ramapo designed by Lazarus is not clear. The original National Register nomination makes no reference to Hotel Ramapo, the name by which the building was known for almost fifty years. The historic name was corrected on the National Register in January 2013.</p><br>
